We investigate the use of different surface orientations for collaborative design tasks. Specifically, we compare horizontal and\r\nvertical surface orientations used by dyads performing a collaborative design task while standing. We investigate how the display\r\norientation influences group participation including face-to-face contact, total discussion, and equality of physical and verbal\r\nparticipation among participants. Our results suggest that vertical displays better support face-to-face contact whereas side-byside\r\narrangements encourage more discussion. However, display orientation has little impact on equality of verbal and physical\r\nparticipation, and users do not consistently prefer one orientation over the other. Based on our findings, we suggest that further\r\ninvestigation into the differences between horizontal and vertical orientations is warranted.
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